{"id":196,"date":"2018-09-21T12:16:35","date_gmt":"2018-09-21T12:16:35","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/ubitaiwan.org\/?p=196"},"modified":"2025-06-19T22:41:59","modified_gmt":"2025-06-19T14:41:59","slug":"%e5%b7%a5%e4%bd%9c%e8%b2%a7%e7%aa%ae-%e5%9f%ba%e6%9c%ac%e6%94%b6%e5%85%a5","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ubitaiwan.org\/zh\/2018\/09\/21\/%e5%b7%a5%e4%bd%9c%e8%b2%a7%e7%aa%ae-%e5%9f%ba%e6%9c%ac%e6%94%b6%e5%85%a5\/","title":{"rendered":"\u5de5\u4f5c\u8ca7\u7aae \u8207 \u57fa\u672c\u6536\u5165"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"196\" class=\"elementor elementor-196\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-20f38b5 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"20f38b5\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-750ce8b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"750ce8b\" 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class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">\u570b\u969b\u4ea4\u6d41-2023\u97d3\u570b\u9ad8\u5cf0\u6703<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-2622\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ubitaiwan.org\/zh\/impacts\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">\u884c\u52d5\u91cc\u7a0b\u7891<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-935\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page parent hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ubitaiwan.org\/zh\/about\/\" class = \"hfe-menu-item\">\u95dc\u65bc\u6211\u5011<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul> \n\t\t\t\t<\/nav>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-355cec2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"355cec2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/ubitaiwan.org\/support\/\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">\u6350\u6b3e\u652f\u6301<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-63b46fbd e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"63b46fbd\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-219c92a7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"219c92a7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u8fd1\u5e7e\u5e74\u904e\u52de\u6b7b\u3001\u8d85\u6642\u5de5\u4f5c\u3001\u7aae\u5fd9\u3001\u65b0\u8ca7\u65cf\u3001\u5e95\u5c64\u5de5\u4f5c\u3001\u5e95\u5c64\u52de\u5de5\u7b49\u540d\u8a5e\u5c64\u51fa\u4e0d\u7aae\u7684\u51fa\u73fe\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u5831\u5c0e\u6211\u5011\u770b\u5230\u793e\u6703\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u5c64\u9762\uff0c\u6709\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u4ee4\u4eba\u9f3b\u9178\uff0c\u6709\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u63ed\u6f0f\u4e86\u9ad4\u5236\u7684\u6f0f\u6d1e\u3002\u4ed6\u4eba\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u74f6\u9838\u64fa\u5728\u6211\u5011\u773c\u524d\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u65e9\u5df2\u81ea\u9867\u4e0d\u6687\uff0c\u4f46\u4ecd\u7121\u6cd5\u4f7f\u6211\u5011\u5ffd\u8996\u773c\u524d\u7684\u72c0\u6cc1\uff0c\u65bc\u662f\u6211\u5011\u6574\u7406\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u65b0\u805e\u5831\u5c0e\u8207\u6750\u6599\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u7c21\u55ae\u8a0e\u8ad6\u53e6\u4e00\u7a2e\u793e\u6703\u88dc\u52a9\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0d\u7121\u689d\u4ef6\u57fa\u672c\u6536\u5165\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u7d66\u4eba\u6c11\u601d\u8003\u8207\u767c\u60f3\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u7a2e\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u3002<\/p><p>\u300a\u505a\u5de5\u7684\u4eba\u300b\u8207\u300a\u5982\u6b64\u4eba\u751f\u300b\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\u6797\u7acb\u9752\uff0c\u89aa\u8eab\u9ad4\u6703\u8207\u66f8\u5beb\u4f86\u63a2\u8a0e\u5e95\u5c64\u5de5\u4f5c\u8005\uff1a\u5230\u5e95\u662f\u9019\u7fa4\u4eba\u6c92\u6709\u505a\u597d\u9078\u64c7\uff1f\u9084\u662f\u793e\u6703\u6c92\u6709\u7d66\u5927\u5bb6\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u9078\u9805\uff1f[1]\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4ee4\u4eba\u9f3b\u9178\u7684\u793e\u6703\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4ecd\u5728\u6211\u5011\u8eab\u908a\u4e0d\u65b7\u4e0a\u6f14\u3002\u6843\u5712\u6a5f\u5834\u7684\u516c\u5171\u5de5\u7a0b\u5728\u6cdb\u4e9e\u5de5\u7a0b\u7684\u627f\u652c\u4e0b\uff0c\u767c\u751f\u4e86\u4e09\u4eba\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7684\u5de5\u5b89\u4e8b\u6545\uff1b[2]\u5c71\u9686\u901a\u904b\u7684\u8ca8\u8eca\u53f8\u6a5f\u7591\u4f3c\u904e\u52de\uff0c\u8166\u5e79\u51fa\u8840\u4e0d\u5e78\u8eab\u4ea1\uff1b[3]\u53c8\u6216\u662f\u6bcf\u65e5\u5de5\u4f5c15\u5c0f\u6642\u624d\u80fd\u8cfa\u53d62\u842c\u5143\u6536\u5165\u7684\u8cc7\u6e90\u56de\u6536\u5de5\u4f5c\u8005\uff1b[4]\u4ee5\u53ca\u8fd1\u671f\u5e38\u88ab\u8f49\u50b3\u300a\u6bba\u6b7b\u90a3\u500b\u9152\u5e97\u5c0f\u59d0\u300b\u4e00\u6587\u6240\u6307\u51fa\u7684\uff0c\u8d85\u904e\u4e00\u534a\u7684\u53d7\u8a2a\u8005\u90fd\u6709\u5fc3\u7406\u8207\u60c5\u7dd2\u4e0a\u7684\u56f0\u5883\uff0c\u66f4\u5225\u63d0\u5176\u627f\u53d7\u9f90\u5927\u7684\u6c59\u540d\u6a19\u7c64\u3002[5]<\/p><p>\u5728\u67d0\u7a2e\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u4e8b\u4ef6\u90fd\u6216\u591a\u6216\u5c11\u5730\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u300c\u5e95\u5c64\u5de5\u4f5c\u300d\u6240\u9762\u81e8\u7684\u56f0\u5883\u3002\u5728\u6b64\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u6b63\u662f\u8981\u5f9e\u5e95\u5c64\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u5207\u5165\uff0c\u4f86\u63a2\u8a0e\u7121\u689d\u4ef6\u57fa\u672c\u6536\u5165(Unconditional Basic Income, \u7c21\u7a31UBI)\u5c0d\u65bc\u6b64\u8b70\u984c\u6709\u4f55\u95dc\u806f\u6027\u3002<\/p><p>\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u4f55\u8b02\u300c\u5e95\u5c64\u5de5\u4f5c\u300d? \u82f1\u570b\u793e\u6703\u5b78\u5bb6\u9081\u514b\u00b7\u85a9\u74e6\u5409(Mike Savage)\u5c07\u7576\u4ee3\u7684\u82f1\u570b\u793e\u6703\u505a\u4f9d7\u7a2e\u968e\u7d1a\u968e\u7d1a\u5283\u5206\uff0c\u6700\u5e95\u5c64\u7684\u5247\u662f\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u300cPrecariat\u300d(BBC\u4e2d\u6587\u5c07\u5176\u8b6f\u70ba\u300c\u4e0d\u7a69\u5b9a\u7121\u7522\u8005\u300d)[6]\u5176\u4f54\u64da\u4eba\u53e315%\uff0c\u6307\u7684\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u8ca8\u8eca\u53f8\u6a5f\u3001\u6e05\u6f54\u5de5\u3001\u51fa\u7d0d\u54e1\u3001\u7167\u8b77\u5de5\u4f5c\u8005\u7b49\u3002[7][8]\u4f46\u6700\u521d\u4f7f\u7528Precariat\u4f86\u63cf\u8ff0\u793e\u6703\u968e\u7d1a\u7684\u5247\u662f\u53e6\u4e00\u4f4dUBI\u7684\u63a8\u5ee3\u8005&#8211;\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u5bb6\u84cb\u4f0a\u00b7\u53f2\u5766\u4e01(Guy Standing)\u3002\u4ed6\u8a8d\u70ba\u6240\u8b02\u7684Precariat(\u4e2d\u6587\u8b6f\u672c\u5c07\u5176\u8b6f\u70ba\u300c\u6b86\u5371\u968e\u7d1a\u300d)\uff0c\u300c\u662f\u6307\u9762\u81e8\u4e0d\u7a69\u5b9a\u4e14\u7f3a\u4e4f\u4fdd\u969c\u7684\u52de\u52d5\u689d\u4ef6\u3001\u7f3a\u4e4f\u8077\u696d\u8a8d\u540c(occupational identity)\u3001\u5be6\u8cea\u85aa\u8cc7\u964d\u4f4e\u4e14\u6fc0\u70c8\u8d77\u4f0f\u3001\u55aa\u5931\u6d25\u8cbc\uff0c\u8207\u9577\u671f\u53d7\u6162\u6027\u50b5\u52d9\u6240\u82e6\u7684\u4eba\u2026\u300d\u3002[9]<\/p><p>\u5c31\u6b64\uff0c\u5e95\u5c64\u5de5\u4f5c\u8005\u6216\u6b86\u5371\u968e\u7d1a\u7684\u7279\u5fb5\uff0c\u4e0d\u5916\u4e4e\u5c31\u662f\u64c1\u6709\u8f03\u4f4e\u7684\u793e\u6703\u3001\u6587\u5316\u8207\u7d93\u6fdf\u8cc7\u672c\u3001\u52de\u52d5\u689d\u4ef6\u4f4e\u52a3\u3001\u7d93\u6fdf\u5177\u6709\u4e0d\u7a69\u5b9a\u6027\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u7531\u6b64\u7522\u751f\u7684\u6c59\u540d\u5316\u6a19\u7c64\u7b49\u3002\u90a3\u9ebc\u7576\u524d\u53f0\u7063\u5e95\u5c64\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u72c0\u6cc1\u53c8\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5462 ? \u9664\u4e86\u4e0a\u8ff0\u65b0\u805e\u500b\u6848\u6240\u5448\u73fe\u7684\u793e\u6703\u7e2e\u5f71\uff0c\u6839\u64da\u885b\u798f\u90e8\u8207\u52de\u52d5\u90e8\u7684\u7d71\u8a08\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u767c\u73fe\u53f0\u7063\u7684\u52de\u52d5\u5de5\u6642\u8207OECD\u4e3b\u8981\u570b\u5bb6\u76f8\u6bd4\u662f\u986f\u8457\u7684\u904e\u9577\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u6574\u9ad4\u5de5\u4f5c\u74b0\u5883\u4e26\u975e\u826f\u597d\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u4fbf\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u5c0e\u81f4\u904e\u52de\u73fe\u8c61\u3002[11]\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u5730\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u904e\u52de\u751a\u81f3\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7684\u767c\u751f\u5176\u5be6\u53c8\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u67d0\u5e7e\u7a2e\u8077\u696d\u985e\u5225\u4e0a\uff0c\u5982\u88fd\u9020\u3001\u904b\u8f38\u3001\u652f\u63f4\u670d\u52d9\u696d\u7b49\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u96b1\u5c04\u4e86\u53f0\u7063\u5e95\u5c64\u5de5\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u6240\u9762\u81e8\u7684\u60e1\u52a3\u52de\u52d5\u689d\u4ef6\u3002[12][13]\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u53f0\u7063\u73fe\u5728\u6709\u8fd14\u6210\u768430\u6b72\u4ee5\u4e0b\u9752\u5e74\u85aa\u6c34\u4f4e\u65bc3\u842c\u5143\u4ee5\u4e0b\uff0c\u8003\u91cf\u5230\u53f0\u7063\u65e5\u6f38\u9ad8\u6f32\u7684\u7269\u50f9\u3001\u5de5\u4f5c\u7a69\u5b9a\u8207\u80cc\u8ca0\u7684\u50b5\u52d9\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4ea6\u662f\u843d\u5165\u6b86\u5371\u968e\u7d1a\u7684\u7bc4\u7587\u7576\u4e2d\u3002[14]<\/p><p>\u90a3\u9ebc\uff0c\u5c31\u5e95\u5c64\u5de5\u4f5c\u8005\u8207\u6b86\u5371\u968e\u7d1a\u9762\u5c0d\u7684\u56f0\u5883\u800c\u8a00\uff0cUBI\u5177\u6709\u4f55\u7a2e\u95dc\u806f\u6027\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u5f97\u63d0\u4f9b\u66f4\u76f4\u63a5\u4e14\u6709\u6548\u7684\u5e6b\u52a9 ? \u9996\u5148\uff0cUBI\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u5730\u6539\u5584\u5e95\u5c64\u5de5\u4f5c\u8005\u8207\u6b86\u5371\u968e\u7d1a\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u72c0\u6cc1\uff0c\u5982\u84cb\u4f0a\u00b7\u53f2\u5766\u4e01\u6240\u8a8d\u70ba\u7684\u300c\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7d00\u7684\u6240\u5f97\u5206\u914d\u7cfb\u7d71\u5df2\u7d93\u5d29\u6f70\u300d\uff0c\u5b83\u9020\u6210\u4e86\u8ca7\u5bcc\u5dee\u8ddd\u8207\u6b86\u5371\u968e\u7d1a\u64f4\u5927\uff0c\u800c\u300c\u57fa\u672c\u6536\u5165\u662f\u6539\u5584\u8ca7\u7aae\u7684\u6700\u6709\u6548\u65b9\u6cd5\u2026\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u63d0\u4f9b\u57fa\u672c\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b89\u5168\u611f\u7684\u597d\u65b9\u6cd5\u300d\u3002[15]\u518d\u8005\uff0cUBI\u5c07\u80fd\u7d66\u4e88\u5e95\u5c64\u5de5\u4f5c\u8005\u300c\u7ffb\u8eab\u6a5f\u6703\u300d\u3002\u5982\u540c\u8303\u00b7\u5e15\u96f7\u65af\u6240\u8ff0\uff0cUBI\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u500b\u300c\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u7acb\u8db3\u57fa\u790e\u300d\uff0c\u4eba\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u9078\u64c7\u517c\u8077\u6216\u662f\u66ab\u505c\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u300c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u9032\u4fee\u638c\u63e1\u65b0\u6280\u80fd\u3001\u5c0b\u627e\u66f4\u9069\u5408\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u300d\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u9632\u6b62\u52de\u5de5\u6280\u80fd\u904e\u6642\u6216\u662f\u55aa\u5931\u5de5\u4f5c\u62b1\u8ca0\u8207\u8a8d\u540c(\u5ef6\u4f38\u9023\u7d50\uff1a<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ubiasia.org\/home\/zh\/blog\/2017\/12\/30\/1150\/\">\u82ac\u862d\u7121\u689d\u4ef6\u57fa\u672c\u6536\u5165\u7c21\u4ecb\uff08\u57fa\u672c\u6536\u5165\u5982\u4f55\u9f13\u52f5\u4eba\u767c\u5c55\u6280\u80fd\uff09<\/a>)\u3002\u5982\u540c\u4e0a\u8ff0\u8abf\u67e5\u6240\u6307\u51fa\u7684\uff0c\u5728\u53f0\u7063\u300c\u6709\u8d85\u904e8\u62104\u768430\u4e16\u4ee3\uff0c\u9858\u610f\u5728\u672c\u52d9\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e4b\u5916\u81ea\u6211\u52a0\u503c\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u9032\u4fee\u4e0a\u8ab2\u6bd4\u4f8b\u6700\u9ad8\u6709(52.04%)\u2026\u8003\u53d6\u8b49\u7167(35.74%)\u300d\u3002[16]\u7e3d\u4e4b\u9019\u7a2e\u9f13\u52f5\u7d42\u8eab\u5b78\u7fd2\u3001\u6709\u5f48\u6027\u7684\u52de\u52d5\u5e02\u5834\u7684\u50be\u5411\uff0c\u5176\u5be6\u662f\u300c\u66f4\u7b26\u5408\u4e8c\u5341\u4e00\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u4eba\u529b\u8cc7\u672c\u767c\u5c55\u9700\u6c42\u300d\u3002[17]\u6700\u5f8c\uff0cUBI\u5c07\u80fd\u6839\u672c\u5730\u6539\u5584\u9020\u6210\u300c\u5e95\u5c64\u5de5\u4f5c\u672c\u8eab\u300d\u3002\u57fa\u65bcUBI\u7684\u7121\u689d\u4ef6\u6027\u8cea\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5176\u4e0d\u9644\u52a0\u4efb\u4f55\u7fa9\u52d9(\u8981\u6c42\u5de5\u4f5c\u6216\u6709\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u610f\u9858)\u65bc\u53d7\u9818\u8005\u8eab\u4e0a\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u5c07\u7522\u751f\u4e00\u7a2e\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u5373\u300c\u5de5\u4f5c\u5fc5\u9808\u5920\u6709\u5438\u5f15\u529b\uff0c\u624d\u6703\u6709\u4eba\u9858\u610f\u63a5\u53d7&#8230;\u96c7\u4e3b\u5c07\u5fc5\u9808\u8a2d\u6cd5\u63d0\u5347\u9019\u4e9b\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u5438\u5f15\u529b\u300d\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u8ad6\u662f\u6539\u5584\u5de5\u4f5c\u74b0\u5883\u6291\u6216\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u5730\u63d0\u9ad8\u5de5\u8cc7\uff0c\u5e95\u5c64\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u7d20\u8cea\u5c07\u53ef\u80fd\u5927\u5e45\u63d0\u5347\u3002[18]\u4e26\u4e14UBI\u9019\u7a2e\u300c\u589e\u5f37\u52de\u52d5\u5e02\u5834\u6700\u5f31\u52e2\u53c3\u8207\u8005\u7684\u8b70\u50f9\u80fd\u529b\u300d\u7684\u6548\u679c\uff0c\u5c07\u80fd\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u6539\u5584\u591a\u6578\u4eba\u53ad\u60e1\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u6240\u53d7\u5230\u4e0d\u516c\u5e73\u5c0d\u5f85\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002[19]<\/p><p>\u7e3d\u4e4b\uff0c\u5728\u5e95\u5c64\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e4b\u8b70\u984c\u4e0a\uff0cUBI\u6240\u80fd\u7522\u751f\u7684\u6548\u679c\u5728\u65bc: 1.\u76f4\u63a5\u6539\u5584\u751f\u6d3b\u72c0\u6cc1\uff1b2.\u7d66\u4e88\u4eba\u5011\u5c0b\u627e\u81ea\u6211\u5145\u5be6\u8207\u8a8d\u540c\u7684\u6a5f\u6703&#8211;\u7de9\u885d\u671f\uff1b3.\u6539\u5584\u5de5\u4f5c\u672c\u8eab&#8211;\u4fc3\u9032\u7522\u696d\u5347\u7d1a\u3001\u8ce6\u6b0a\u4e88\u5f31\u52e2\u3002\u5118\u7ba1\u5728\u5be6\u969b\u7684\u904b\u4f5c\u4e2d\u5c1a\u6709\u8af8\u591a\u56e0\u7d20\u6703\u5f71\u97ffUBI\u5be6\u65bd\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u3002\u4f46\u5c31\u5982\u540cVan Parijs\u6240\u8aaa\u7684\uff0cUBI\u78ba\u5be6\u80fd\u300c\u4f7f\u539f\u672c\u9078\u64c7\u6700\u5c11\u7684\u4eba\u5f97\u5230\u66f4\u591a\u9078\u64c7&#8230;\u5c0d\u90a3\u4e9b\u4e0d\u5177\u9019\u4e9b\u512a\u52e2\u3001\u9078\u64c7\u5de5\u4f5c\u6642\u7121\u6cd5\u592a\u6311\u5254\u7684\u4eba\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u57fa\u672c\u6536\u5165\u5c07\u8ce6\u4e88\u5b83\u5011\u53ef\u89c0\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u300d\u3002[20]\u800c\u53ea\u6709\u7576\u6700\u5f31\u52e2\u8005\u7372\u5f97\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u9078\u64c7\u6b0a\u6642\uff0c\u57fa\u672c\u4eba\u6b0a\u624d\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u843d\u5be6\u3002<\/p><hr \/><p>[1] \u90b1\u5bb6\u7433\uff0c\u828b\u50b3\u5a92\uff0c<a href=\"https:\/\/taronews.tw\/2018\/07\/31\/79078\/\">\u300a\u5982\u6b64\u4eba\u751f\u300b\u70ba\u908a\u7de3\u52de\u52d5\u8005\u767c\u8072 \u6797\u7acb\u9752\uff1a\u793e\u6703\u7d66\u7684\u9078\u64c7\u592a\u5c11<\/a>\uff0c2018.7.31\u3002<br \/>[2] \u806f\u5408\u65b0\u805e\u7db2\uff0c<a href=\"https:\/\/udn.com\/news\/story\/7314\/3327477\">\u6843\u6a5f\u5de5\u7a0b3\u6b7b \u6c11\u5718\u7c72\u4ea4\u90e8\u5217\u52de\u5b89\u9ed1\u540d\u55ae<\/a>\uff0c2018.8.24\u3002<br \/>[3] \u5947\u6469\u65b0\u805e\uff0c<a href=\"https:\/\/tw.news.yahoo.com\/\u8ca8\u904b\u53f8\u6a5f\u6b7b\u524d\u53cd\u8986\u554f\u59bb\uff1a\u300c\u8ca8\u600e\u9ebc\u8fa6\u300d-\u7db2\u53cb\u5606\u7269\u6d41-093732333.html\">\u8ca8\u904b\u53f8\u6a5f\u6b7b\u524d\u53cd\u8986\u554f\u59bb\uff1a\u300c\u8ca8\u600e\u9ebc\u8fa6\u300d \u7db2\u53cb\u5606\u7269\u6d41\u696d\u5fc3\u9178\u7121\u4eba\u77e5<\/a>\uff0c2018.8.15\u3002<br \/>[4] \u9673\u4fca\u5ef7\uff0c\u6c11\u5831\uff0c<a href=\"http:\/\/www.peoplenews.tw\/news\/3c6ce9a6-6941-4e2c-adc8-b8010ffb102e\">\u57ce\u5e02\u793e\u6703\u5e95\u5c64\u52de\u52d5\u8005\u300c\u770b\u4e0d\u898b\u672a\u4f86\u300d\u7684\u6697\u591c\u60b2\u6b4c<\/a>\uff0c2015.7.7\u3002<br \/>[5] \u9418\u8056\u96c4\uff0c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.readr.tw\/project\/hotel-hostess-series\/foreword\">READr \u8b80+\uff0c\u6bba\u6b7b\u90a3\u500b\u9152\u5e97\u5c0f\u59d0<\/a>\uff0c2018\u3002<br \/>[6] BBC\uff0c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/zhongwen\/trad\/uk\/2013\/04\/130403_uk_7_classes.shtml\">BBC\u8abf\u7814\u5283\u5206\u82f1\u570b\u793e\u6703\u4e03\u5927\u968e\u7d1a<\/a>\uff0c2013.4.3\u3002<br \/>[7] Savage \u4ee5\u793e\u6703\u8cc7\u672c\u3001\u7d93\u6fdf\u8cc7\u672c\u8207\u6587\u5316\u8cc7\u672c\u4e09\u7a2e\u56e0\u7d20\u9032\u884c\u8a08\u7b97\u3002\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u793e\u6703\u8cc7\u672c\u6642\uff0c\u5176\u6e2c\u91cf\u65b9\u6cd5\u70ba\u300c\u53d7\u8a2a\u8005\u5728 37 \u7a2e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8077\u696d\u4e2d\u90fd\u8a8d\u8b58\u8ab0\u300d\uff0c\u5373\u4fc2\u4ee5 \u4eba\u8108\u7684\u591a\u5be1\u4f86\u8a55\u5b9a\u793e\u6703\u8cc7\u672c\u7684\u9ad8\u4f4e\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u6587\u5316\u8cc7\u672c\u6642\uff0c\u662f\u900f\u904e\u4ee5\u9ad8\u77e5\u8b58\u4efd\u5b50\u8207\u5e73\u6c11\u70ba\u5206\u985e\u57fa\u790e\u6240\u5f97\u4e4b\u6587\u5316\u54c1\u5473\u7684\u8cc7\u6599(\u5982:\u5e73\u6c11 \u6bd4\u8f03\u611b\u807d rock \u97f3\u6a02\u3001\u6bd4\u8f03\u611b\u53bb pub \u548c gym\uff1b\u800c\u9ad8\u77e5\u8b58\u5206\u5b50\u5247\u6bd4\u8f03\u611b\u807d\u53e4\u5178\u97f3\u6a02\u3001\u6bd4\u8f03\u611b\u770b\u5287\u5834 \u8207\u6b23\u8cde\u85dd\u8853)\u3002<br \/>[8] \u300c\u5e95\u5c64\u5de5\u4f5c\u300d\u672c\u8eab\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u983b\u7e41\u4f7f\u7528\u537b\u6a21\u7cca\u7684\u65e5\u5e38\u7528\u8a9e\u3002\u70ba\u65b9\u4fbf\u8a0e\u8ad6\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5f9e\u793e\u6703\u5b78\u7576\u4e2d\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u968e\u5c64\u8207\u968e\u7d1a\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u4f86\u601d\u8003\u4f55\u8b02\u5e95\u5c64\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u82f1\u570b\u793e\u6703\u5b78\u5bb6\u9081\u514b\u00b7\u85a9\u74e6\u5409(Mike Savage)\u7b49\u4eba(2013)\u5728\u8fd1\u671f\u7684\u8ad6\u6587\u7576\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ee5BBC\u7684\u82f1\u570b\u5927\u578b\u968e\u7d1a\u8abf\u67e5\u8cc7\u6599(The Great British Class Survey)\uff0c\u5c0d\u7576\u4ee3\u7684\u82f1\u570b\u793e\u6703\u505a\u4f9d7\u7a2e\u968e\u7d1a\u968e\u7d1a\u5283\u5206\uff0c\u6700\u5e95\u5c64\u7684\u5247\u662f\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u300cPrecariat\u300d\u3002<br \/>Mike Savage\u7b49\u4eba\uff0cSociology 47(2)\uff0cA New Model of Social Class? Findings from the BBC\u2019s Great British Class Survey Experiment\uff0c2013\uff0cp219-250\u3002<br \/>[9] Guy Standing\u8457\uff0c\u9673\u5100\u8b6f\uff0c\u5beb\u7d66\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6536\u5165\u8b80\u672c\uff0c2018\uff0cp9\u3002<br \/>[10] <a href=\"https:\/\/dep.mohw.gov.tw\/DOS\/lp-2972-113.html\">\u885b\u751f\u798f\u5229\u90e8\u7d71\u8a08\u8655\uff0c\u4f4e\u6536\u5165\u6236\u53ca\u4e2d\u4f4e\u6536\u5165\u6236<\/a>\uff0c2018.7.5\u3002<br \/>[11] <a href=\"https:\/\/www.1111.com.tw\/news\/surveyns_con.asp?ano=112262\">1111\u4eba\u529b\u9280\u884c\uff0c\u52de\u5de5\u8077\u696d\u707d\u5bb3\u73fe\u6cc1\u8abf\u67e5<\/a> \uff0c2018.4.30\u3002<br \/>[12] \u52de\u52d5\u90e8\uff0c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.mol.gov.tw\/announcement\/27179\/16307\/\">\u8077\u707d\u904e\u52de\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7d66\u4ed8\u524d\u4e94\u5927\u884c\u696d\uff0c\u52de\u59d4\u6703\u547c\u7c72\u4e8b\u696d\u55ae\u4f4d\u53ca\u52de\u5de5\u63d0\u9ad8\u8b66\u89ba<\/a>\uff0c2013.9.13\u3002<br \/>[13] \u52de\u5de5\u4fdd\u96aa\u5c40\uff0c<a href=\"http:\/\/statdb.mol.gov.tw\/html\/year\/year06\/36120.htm\">\u52de\u5de5\u4fdd\u96aa\u8077\u696d\u707d\u5bb3\u5be6\u8a08\u4fdd\u96aa\u7d66\u4ed8\u2014\u6309\u884c\u696d\u5206<\/a>\uff0c2018.4.16\u3002<br \/>[14] 1111\u4eba\u529b\u9280\u884c\uff0c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.1111.com.tw\/news\/surveyns_con.asp?ano=114110\">\u5931\u696d!\u4f4e\u85aa?\u7aae\u5fd9!? 30\u4e16\u4ee3\u5c31\u696d\u73fe\u6cc1\u8abf\u67e5<\/a>\uff0c2018.7.12\u3002<br \/>[15] Guy Standing\u8457\uff0c\u9673\u5100\u8b6f\uff0c\u5beb\u7d66\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6536\u5165\u8b80\u672c\uff0c2018\uff0cp9\u3001P85\u3002<br \/>[16] 1111\u4eba\u529b\u9280\u884c\uff0c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.1111.com.tw\/news\/surveyns_con.asp?ano=114110\">\u5931\u696d!\u4f4e\u85aa?\u7aae\u5fd9!? 30\u4e16\u4ee3\u5c31\u696d\u73fe\u6cc1\u8abf\u67e5<\/a>\uff0c2018.7.12\u3002<br \/>[17] Van Parijs\u3001Yannick Vanderborght\u8457\uff0c\u8a31\u745e\u5b8b\u8b6f\uff0c\u57fa\u672c\u6536\u5165 \u5efa\u8a2d\u81ea\u7531\u793e\u6703\u8207\u5065\u5168\u7d93\u6fdf\u7684\u6fc0\u9032\u65b9\u6848\uff0cp42\u3002<br \/>[18] Van Parijs\u3001Yannick Vanderborght\u8457\uff0c\u8a31\u745e\u5b8b\u8b6f\uff0c\u57fa\u672c\u6536\u5165 \u5efa\u8a2d\u81ea\u7531\u793e\u6703\u8207\u5065\u5168\u7d93\u6fdf\u7684\u6fc0\u9032\u65b9\u6848\uff0cp38\u3002<br \/>[19] Van Parijs\u3001Yannick Vanderborght\u8457\uff0c\u8a31\u745e\u5b8b\u8b6f\uff0c\u57fa\u672c\u6536\u5165 \u5efa\u8a2d\u81ea\u7531\u793e\u6703\u8207\u5065\u5168\u7d93\u6fdf\u7684\u6fc0\u9032\u65b9\u6848\uff0c p148\u3002<br \/>[20]Van Parijs\u3001Yannick Vanderborght\u8457\uff0c\u8a31\u745e\u5b8b\u8b6f\uff0c\u57fa\u672c\u6536\u5165 \u5efa\u8a2d\u81ea\u7531\u793e\u6703\u8207\u5065\u5168\u7d93\u6fdf\u7684\u6fc0\u9032\u65b9\u6848\uff0cp39\u3002<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ae3becf e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"ae3becf\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c0b144f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c0b144f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-86c1890 e-grid e-con-full e-con e-child\" data-id=\"86c1890\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-020008d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"020008d\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ac0408f elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"ac0408f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"780\" height=\"426\" 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